Usually, I never care about the theory behind all of my DIY project. Just plug it, hear it, like it, and finish it. But now, due to some reason (though somehow I also don’t know the exact reason why), I want to do it from scratch and want to be backed-up with some theory and calculation behind it.
My next project (again could be the last one) is a high end power supply for my Aikido pre-amplifier. I think I’ve mentioned about this project before.
This is the first part discussing about the theory behind my next DIY project (about the tube rectifier IFRM and capacitor/choke input). Next part will come soon.
Prologue:
I’m considering the usage of tube rectifier (I have Svetlana 5U3C or 5U4-GB on hand). So far, I only used to play with silicone rectifier where I don’t have to care about the size of filtering capacitor. Now, with tube rectifier, I have to learn the theory back again.
Tube rectifier, in this case my 5U3C or 5U4-GB, has only 1 Ampere of IFRM (Repetitive Peak Voltage Current) and 99 Ampere of IFSM (Peak Forward Surge Current). FYI, most silicone rectifier like IN4007 has both 99 Ampere of IFRM and IFSM. So any size of capacitor will be ok for this silicone rectifier (it won’t stress the rectifier, 99 Ampere is a huge number!).
The low capacity of IFRM of the tube rectifier makes the usage of big first capacitor is impossible. If you use big size of capacitor on the first stage after the rectifier, then this capacitor will stress the rectifier due to high load of current. Bigger capacitor will pull a lot of current. If this amount of current is bigger than the rectifier limitation (IFRM), then you probably could damage the rectifier. Please check the rectifier datasheet before you plug any big size capacitor (over 30uF) as your first filtering.
As you can see from the picture above (I use PSU Designer II from Duncan). With a too big first capacitor (errrr, 220uF is not that big, right?), you will put too much stress on the rectifier exceeding its IFRM. The big capacitor will need a big current to charge itself. If it exceeds your rectifier maximum IFRM value, then it may cause trouble. The result? I don’t think you want to know (or see) the effect 
But I need a big capacitor to give smoother filtering… Then continue reading
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